CNN: Bloodied Mumbai defiantly forges on

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by Saeed Ahmed

Terror attacks have come with depressing regularity to Mumbai — and each time the city, brought to its knees, has dusted itself off and forged on.

Taj Majal hotel

It did so in March 1993 when more than 250 were killed in a series of bombings on the stock exchange, on trains and at hotels.

It did so in August 2003 when two taxicabs loaded with explosives blew up outside a crowded market, killing 50.

And again in July 2006, when bombs ripped through packed commuter trains and platforms during rush hour and took 209 lives.

This time, residents say, is no different.

“Am I being more careful when I go out? No, not at all. Why would I change my habits?” said resident Netra Parikh Saturday. “I’m a proud citizen and I’ll face and fight for anything that comes my way.”

In a brazen series of coordinated attacks, gunmen swarmed ashore Wednesday night and launched attacks on nine locations in the city that left at least 195 people dead.

Authorities locked down the city of 13 million and asked residents to stay inside Thursday. The stock market in the city — the financial hub of India — was closed, as were schools and colleges. The city is also home to Bollywood, the world’s most prolific film industry.

“I think I’m still in a state of shock, sort of,” blogger Arun Shanghag, said that day. “I’m still very cold today. I’m just like, (I) want to take pictures and I just want to document this today. I think it has changed me. I hope it does not.”

The very next day, a shell-shocked Mumbai gradually hobbled back.

The stock market reopened as did some businesses. Most high court judges sat for cases, but adjourned court after few lawyers and litigants showed up.

More people stepped outside, apprehensive but defiant. But false rumors of shots fired at a railway station and a nearby hospital sent panicked Mumbaikers scrambling.

By Saturday morning, tired of being glued to the TV watching the hostage crisis unfold, throngs of onlookers gathered outside the Taj Mahal hotel — one of three locations where the gunmen engaged police in a gun battle. They cheered on officers with chants of “Bharat mata ki jai” (Glory to Mother India).

Watching the century-old iconic structure in flames was one of the hardest parts for many Mumbaikers, said Dina Mehta.

“There’s a lot of sentiment associated with that structure,” she said. “It’s part of our cultural heritage. People can’t get past those kinds of visuals.”

After almost 60 tense hours, the reign of terror appeared to be over Saturday after security forces overtook the Taj — the terrorists’ last stand.

Now, residents said, a dispirited city will need to re-channel its feelings of helplessness and frustration into a can-do attitude.

“I went to the hospital and there were a lot of people donating blood,” said resident Asfaq Tapia. “It was really wonderful to see so many people come out and help.”

Mehta said many of the people she has bonded with via social networking media, such as Twitter, plan to gather at Cafe Leopold for beer Sunday. The popular hangout for tourists was one of the first locations the gunmen targeted.

“We can’t let this get to us. Life has to go on,” she said. “Most us haven’t ever met each other but when you go through something like this, you want a big group hug.”

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Wall Street Journal: Amid Chaos, Citizens Spread Word on Web

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by Mei Fong and Loretta Chao

On Wednesday night, Mumbai resident Asfaq Tapia heard two blasts. Before turning in, he sleepily noted it on his Twitter account, a Web site that lets users broadcast short messages about what they are doing.

“Later, I started receiving phone calls saying, ‘Are you ok? Where are you?’ At that point I realized something major has happened,” said Mr. Tapia, 24, who then started broadcasting on-the-ground updates, including from a hospital near one of the attacked hotels.

The Mumbai attacks have unleashed a storm of live updates from residents, swelling traffic and content on sites such as Twitter and Yahoo Inc.’s photo Web site Flickr. A Googlemap on the attack sites was swiftly put up. A lengthy entry about the attacks on user-generated online encyclopedia Wikipedia surfaced in less than an hour.

The interactivity demonstrates how Asia’s technologically sophisticated populations are becoming citizen journalists and increasingly being the first sources of information on disasters like the Mumbai attacks and China’s earthquake earlier this year, often outpacing traditional media outlets.

Experts say the late adoption but rapid spread of Internet and cellphone usage has made people in India and China quicker to embrace these new technologies. Compared with the U.S., “the cellphone system and SMS culture is stronger in Asia,” said Sree Sreenivasan, a new-media professor at Columbia University.

Sites such as San Fancisco-based Twitter Inc.’s are “one more step in the evolution,” of news-gathering, he said. He notes that bloggers played a prominent role in disseminating information during the 2004 Asian tsunami, as well as the heavy use of text-messaging during the 2006 Mumbai train blasts.

The rapid spread of news from Mumbai’s online community also led to easy transmission of rumors and hard-to-confirm information. The micro-bloggers posted items such as license plate numbers, purportedly of police vehicles stolen by terrorists. They also speculated authorities had requested some on-the-ground Twitter users to desist, for fear of clueing in terrorists on official movements.

A lot of the information posted also appeared to be generated off local television broadcasts. But in such a catastrophic situation, many found value in the increased amounts of information-accurate or not — generated by these services.

Since Danish Khan started “tweeting” about the attacks, the software engineer has 30 to 35 new people subscribing to his Twitter updates. Twitter is helping “those who are away from Mumbai who want to know about this,” after some television channels stopped broadcasting on-the-ground live updates, he said. These stations apparently did so Thursday, following requests by authorities.

Users posted phone numbers for hospitals, besieged hotels and volunteered to help people outside Mumbai text message their missing friends and family, when phone lines were jammed.

Soon after the attacks, a user under the name John Kenny started the first Wikipedia entry on the subject, beginning with: “The 26 November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks were a series of attacks by terrorists in Mumbai, India. 25 are injured and 2 killed.”

After 15 hours, various users had expanded and updated the entry to include a chart detailing the location and type of attacks (grenades/shooting/hostages), reactions from a number of embassies, names of some prominent casualties — and even the news that the English cricket team had postponed a planned tour to India.

“Earlier on, when you used to rely on TV…even stuff that would have happened two hours ago would still be playing over and over again. What’s happening with social media is, you get on the spot news,” said Mr. Tapia, the Mumbai resident who started broadcasting what he heard on Twitter last night.

“I had an information advantage of at least 10 minutes before the news guys actually reported it. I think [social media is] going in the right [direction],” said Mr. Tapia, an online specialist with an advertising agency in Mumbai. “We are reaching a stage now where information is disseminated by a lot of people, it’s accurate and reaching you in a timely fashion.”

Twitter Inc. started as a side project in March 2006 as a service that allows users to post answers to the question “What are you doing?” in 140 characters or less.

According to comScore Inc., the Web site had more than a million unique visitors from the U.S. in August 2008, up from 282,000 in August 2007. Those numbers are likely to underestimate overall usage, much of which happens on mobile phones. The bulk of users come from the U.S., but India and China account for more than 7% of traffic, according to Alexa.com.

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